Plug-in Hybrids are one of the fastest growing segments of the global hybrid-EV market. This report looks at the latest challenges and developments in this fast emerging sector.
Covered are grid connectivity, Plug-n hybrid Technology and Vehicle Availablity.
The report also includes profiles of 22 suppliers involved in the Hybrid Vehicle Sector.
Background to this Research
Over the past few years the world, and particularly Japan and the US, have taken to gasoline hybrid vehicles in substantial numbers although realistic fuel consumption has often failed to live up to early expectations. What this has indicated however, is the willingness today of some consumers to explore at least partially electric powertrain options, and although the various OEM strategies operating in the HEV sector do not necessarily lead to huge fuel savings, they can be seen as the initial step on the road to vehicle electrification.
In the medium term the development of grid connected vehicles i.e. plug-in hybrids and electric vehicles (PHEVs), is likely to replace current HEV designs.
While these vehicles are unlikely to be huge volume sellers in the near future, the driving cycle characteristics are suited well to their use in some urban environments, and there are some significant interventions taking place to encourage their uptake.
Plug-In Hybrids are likley to be a critical stepping stone in the shift of the automotive industry and its supplier base towards an electrified future.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Challenges in PHEV deployment
Development of the Plug-in Hybrid Market
Environmental Performance The influence of government policy
Grid connectivity
Grid connectivity standardisation Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) Battery exchange systems
Plug-in hybrid Technology
Advanced battery technology Current battery manufacturing trends Supercapacitors and ultracapacitors PHEV transmissions Regenerative braking Electric motors DC Motors Aftermarket conversions
Plug-in Hybrid vehicle availability
Company Profiles
Aisin AW Axeon Holdings Azure Dynamics Cobasys Continental Denso Eaton Hitachi JATCO Johnson Controls Keihin Maxwell Technologies NessCap Saft Sanyo Sumitomo Wiring TDK Toyota Industries UQM Visteon Yazaki ZF
Table of Figures
Figure 1: PHEV Timeline Figure 2: HEV model introductions by year - US Figure 3: HEV percentage share of US vehicle sales Figure 4: PHEVs amongst a suite of powertrain options for GHG reduction Figure 5: UK vehicle fleet de-carbonisation roadmap Figure 6: Current production and reserves of lithium (2007) Figure 7: Market price and world production of lithium illustrating the recent impact of Chilean production Figure 8: Global PHEV production Figure 9: Electricity generation effects GHG emissions performance Figure 10: US Annual reduction in GHG production through PHEV adoption Figure 11: PHEV annual costs Figure 12: PHEV electricity demand by time of day Figure 13: PHEV electricity demand in the US Figure 14: A utility vision of a smart grid installation Figure 15: A solar recharging facility in Santa Monica California Figure 16: Changes in utility customer relationships Figure 17: A schematic showing smart grid connectivity elements Figure 18: Different options for grid connection Figure 19: Battery recharge and exchange systems Figure 40: A Toyota Prius PHEV using a road side charging facility in London Figure 20: Better Place battery exchange system Figure 21: Charge depletion to charge sustaining transition for PHEV battery packs Figure 22: Hybrid electric vehicle drive configurations Figure 23: Cost-performance of battery technologies Figure 24: Battery price trend forecast Figure 25: Estimates of battery price development versus volume production Figure 26: Battery technology evolution Figure 27: Energy storage overview Figure 28: A typical ZEBRA battery module Figure 29: Lithium-ion battery pack Figure 30: Energy density versus output density in battery systems Figure 31: A Ragone plot showing energy density vs power density for various energystorage devices Figure 32: One-Mode Hybrid Input-Split EVT Figure 33: Two-Mode Hybrid Input-Split EVT Figure 34: One-Mode Hybrid Input-Split EVT Figure 35: Two-Mode Hybrid with Input-Split and Compound-Split EVT Modes Figure 36: Two-mode hybrid transmission Figure 37: Regenerative Braking System Figure 38: EV motors Figure 39: Switch reluctance machines Figure 41: An early conversion for the PHEV Prius utilising 15 additional lead-acid batteries Figure 42: PHEV and EV model status and availability
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