Table of Contents :
Executive summary
Introduction
Wind resources
Wind turbine technology
Offshore wind
Environmental considerations
Wind integration issues
The cost of wind power
The future of wind power
Chapter 1 Introduction
Introduction
The development of wind power
The report
Chapter 2 Wind resources
Introduction
Wind speed
Global wind resource
Site-specific considerations
Sources of wind resource data
Chapter 3 Wind turbine technology
Introduction
The anatomy of a wind turbine
Turbine rotors
Yawing
The drive train
Generators
Towers
Power quality and safety
Major wind turbine configurations
Grid connection requirements
Capacity factors
Chapter 4 Offshore wind
Introduction
Offshore wind basics
Offshore turbines
Offshore support structures
Offshore interconnection
Regulations and planning
Offshore wind costs
Chapter 5 Environmental considerations
Introduction
Repowering
Environmental impact
Lifecycle analysis
Chapter 6 Wind integration issues
Introduction
Grid stability
Wind predictability
Wind reliability and energy storage
Integration cost
Chapter 7 The cost of wind power
Introduction
Capital costs
The cost of electricity
Operation and maintenance costs
Small wind turbine costs
Chapter 8 The future of wind power
Introduction
Market maturity
Cost comparisons with other technologies
Global growth
European growth forecasts
US capacity growth
Growth in China
Repowering
Small wind turbines
Conclusions
Appendix
WindData.com
Wind resource in Brazil
Canadian Wind Energy Atlas
Wind Resource Maps Hong Kong
Wind Power India wind resource ata
Mexico
New Zealand wind energy resource
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Annual global wind capacity additions and cumulative installed capacity (MW), 1980-
2007
Figure 1.2: Global installed capacity by region (MW), 2007
Figure 2.3: Wind resource in the US by class (GW)
Figure 2.4: Potential wind resource in Russia (TWh/y)
Figure 3.5: Average wind turbine size, by year (kW), 1984-2005
Figure 3.6: Average wind turbine size in the US (kW), 1988-2007
Figure 3.7: 2007 US regional average capacity factors for wind projects built in 2006 (%)
Figure 3.8: Capacity factors for Californian wind projects by year of commercial operation (%),
2007
Figure 4.9: Growth in offshore wind generating capacity (MW), 1990-2007
Figure 5.10: Lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions for different power generation technologies (tCO2
equivalent/GWh)
Figure 5.11: Energy payback ratio for different power generation technologies
Figure 6.12: Wind penetration for the top wind countries (%), 2007
Figure 6.13: Integration costs on Northwest Power System ($/MWh)
Figure 7.14: Installed US wind project costs (($/kW), 1985-2007
Figure 7.15: US wind turbine costs ($/kW), 1988-2007
Figure 7.16: Wholesale wind electricity prices in the US ($/MWh), 2007
Figure 7.17: Wholesale wind electricity prices in 2007 by region for projects built in 2006 and 2007
($/MWh)
Figure 8.18: Levelized cost comparison between wind and conventional technologies
($2007/MWh), 2007
Figure 8.19: Future levelized cost comparison between wind and conventional technologies
($2006/MWh), 2010-2030
Figure 8.20: Global wind capacity growth forecast (MW), 2007-2012
Figure 8.21: Top ten countries by installed wind capacity (MW), 2007
Figure 8.22: Capacity additions (MW) during 2007 vs installed wind capacity (MW), 2007
Figure 8.23: European wind capacity forecast (GW), 2010-2025
Figure 8.24: German Wind Energy Association capacity targets (MW) for 2020
Figure 8.25: Forecast EU offshore wind capacity growth (MW), 2007-2020
Figure 8.26: US wind capacity additions to meet the 20% wind by 2030 scenario (MW)
Figure 8.27: Projections of wind development in China (GW), 2006-2050
List of Tables
Table 1.1: Annual global wind capacity additions and cumulative installed capacity (MW), 1980-
2007
Table 1.2: Global installed capacity by region (MW), 2007
Table 2.3: Wind classes as defined by the US DOE, base on wind speed at 50m above ground
level
Table 2.4: Wind resource in the US by class (GW)
Table 2.5: Potential wind resource in Russia (TWh/y)
Table 3.6: Average wind turbine size, by year (kW), 1984-2005
Table 3.7: Average wind turbine size in the US (kW), 1988-2007
Table 3.8: 2007 US regional average capacity factors for wind projects built in 2006 (%)
Table 3.9: Capacity factors for Californian wind projects by year of commercial operatio (%),
2007
Table 4.10: Growth in offshore wind generating capacity (MW), 1990-2007
Table 5.11: Lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions for different power generation technologies (tCO2
equivalent/GWh)
Table 5.12: Energy payback ratio for different power generation technologies
Table 6.13: Wind penetration for the top wind countries (%), 2007
Table 6.14: Integration costs on Northwest Power System ($/MWh)
Table 7.15: Installed US wind project costs (($/kW), 1985-2007
Table 7.16: US wind turbine costs ($/kW), 1988-2007
Table 7.17: Wholesale wind electricity prices in the US ($/MWh), 2007
Table 7.18: Wholesale wind electricity prices in 2007 by region for projects built in 2006 and 2007
($/MWh)
Table 7.19: Wind power prices for approved Chinese wind farms by Province (Yuan/kWh), 2007
Table 8.20: Levelized cost comparison between wind and conventional technologies
($2007/MWh), 2007
Table 8.21: Future levelized cost comparison between wind and conventional technologies
($2006/MWh), 2010-2030
Table 8.22: Global wind capacity growth forecast (MW), 2007-2012
Table 8.23: Top ten countries by installed wind capacity (MW), 2007
Table 8.24: Top ten countries by capacity additions (MW) during 2007
Table 8.25: European wind capacity forecast (GW), 2010-2025
Table 8.26: German WindEnergy Association capacity targets (MW) for 2020
Table 8.27: Forecast EU offshore wind capacity growth (MW), 2007-2020
Table 8.28: US wind capacity additions to meet the 20% wind by 2030 scenario (MW)
Table 8.29: Projections of wind development in China (GW), 2006-2050
Related Report:
Global Wind Power Market Analysis and Forecasts to 2020
Global Wind Power Market Potential-Site License
The Future of Wind Power: Increasing economic competitiveness as the technology matures
Wind Power: Opportunities in Emerging Markets
What Drives Wind Power Development in the US Policies or Potential
US Wind Power Development Industry Consolidation to Accelerate
