Solar power is the technology of obtaining usable energy from the light of the Sun. Solar energy has been used in many traditional technologies for centuries and has come into widespread use where other power supplies are absent, such as in remote locations and in space.
Photovoltaics (PV) is the field of technology and research related to the application of solar cells for energy by converting sunlight directly into electricity. Due to the growing demand for clean sources of energy, the manufacture of solar cells and photovoltaic arrays has expanded dramatically in recent years.
While solar cells have been around for many years now, it is only recently that the advances made in technology have made it possible for researchers to make solar cells more efficient.
This report examines how the advent of thin film solar cells is changing the landscape of the solar photovoltaic industry. The report takes a look at this industry through a theoretical analysis of the concept of thin film solar cells and a look at the basic technology involved as well.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary 5
Introduction to Solar Power 6 Overview 6 Advantages & Disadvantages of Solar Power 6 Availability of Solar Power 8
A Look at the Utility of Solar Power 10 Daylighting 10 Heliostat Power Plants 10 Passive Solar Building Design 11 Solar Cookers 14 Solar Electric Vehicles 16 Solar Hot Water Systems 23 Solar Photovoltaic Technology 24 Solar Power Satellites 26 Solar Thermal Energy 36 Solar Updraft Tower 36
Introduction to Solar Photovoltaics 42 Overview 42 History of Solar Cells 45 A Look at the Three Generations of PV Cells 47 A Brief Look at Concentrator Cells 50 Applications 50 Sunlight Conditions for Using Solar PV Cells 51 Impact of Weather Conditions on PV Cells 53 PV Technology in Isolated Generation 53 Impact of Photovoltaic Cells on the Environment 54 Introduction to Thin Film PV Cells 57 Introduction 57 Types of Thin Film Solar Cells 58 Structure of a Thin Film Solar Cell 72 Efficiency Factor and Price of Thin Film Solar Cells 75 Production Method 76
CIGS/CIS Thin Film Solar Cells 78 Introduction 78 Structure of a CIGS Solar Cell 79 Material Properties of CIGS Solar Cells 80 Issues with CIGS Solar Cells 81 Fabrication Techniques 83 Conclusion 86
Dye-Sensitized Thin Film Solar Cells 87 Introduction 87 Evolution of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells 88 Manufacturing Process 89 Operation Process 90 Efficiency Factor 91 Advantages and Disadvantages 93
Nanotechnology and Thin Film Solar Cells 96
Leading Manufacturers of Thin Film
Solar Cells 98 Antec Solar Energy AG 98 Ascent Solar 100 Abound Solar 101 AVANCIS 102 Calyxo GMBH 104 China Solar Energy Holdings 105 CSG Solar 107 EPV Solar 108 Ersol 109 First Solar 111 Global Solar Energy 114 Green Energy Technology 117 HelioGrid 118 HelioVolt 119 Honda Soltec 121 Inventux Technologies AG 122 Johanna Solar 123 Kaneka Solartech 124 Miasolé 125 Moser Baer Photo Voltaic 127 Nanosolar 129 Nexpower 132 Odersun 134 Polar PV 135 PrimeStar Solar 136 QS Solar 138 Schott AG 140 Signet Solar 141 Solyndra 143 Sulfurcell 146 Sunfilm AG 148 Sunner Solar 150 Suntech Power 152 United Solar Ovonic 153
Appendix 155
Glossary 164
About the Publisher 190
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
Figure 1: A Solar Cell Made from a Monocrystalline Silicon Wafer 45 Figure 2: Worldwide Solar Insolation Levels 52 Figure 3: Crystal Structure of Chalcopyrite CIGS 80 Figure 4: Setup including Process Control Units 83 Figure 5: Nanotechnology Thin-film Solar Cells Publications by Countries 97 Figure 6: Parabolic Trough 155 Figure 7: Central Receiver or Solar Tower 156 Figure 8: Parabolic Dish 157 Figure 9: Photovoltaic Roof System 158 Figure 10: Cost of PV to Consumers & Manufacturing Shipments 159 Figure 11: A Schematic Arrangement of a PV Cell 160 Figure 12: Solar Parabolic Trough System Combined with Fossil Fuel Firing to Generate Electrical Power 161 Figure 13: Arrangement of a Central Receiver Solar Thermal System 162 Figure 14: A Solar Pond Arrangement 163
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