Photovoltaic production has been doubling every two
years, increasing by an average of 48% each year since 2002, making it the
world's fastest-growing energy technology. Roughly 90% of this generating
capacity consists of grid-tied electrical systems. Such installations may be
ground-mounted (and sometimes integrated with farming and grazing) or built into
the roof or walls of a building, known as Building Integrated Photovoltaic or
BIPV for short.
Financial incentives, such as preferential feed-in tariffs for
solar-generated electricity, and net metering, have supported solar PV
installations in many countries including Germany, Japan,and the United States.
Solar power is the technology of obtaining usable energy from the light of
the Sun. Solar energy has been used in many traditional technologies for
centuries and has come into widespread use where other power supplies are
absent, such as in remote locations and in space.
Photovoltaics (PV) is the field of technology and research related to the
application of solar cells for energy by converting sunlight directly into
electricity. Due to the growing demand for clean sources of energy, the
manufacture of solar cells and photovoltaic arrays has expanded dramatically in
recent years.
While solar cells have been around for many years now, it is only recently
that the advances made in technology have made it possible for researchers to
make solar cells more efficient.
This report examines worldwide trends in the solar PV industry including
environmental, economic, and country trends.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary 5
Basics of Photovoltaics 6
Industry Overview 6
History of Solar Cells 9
1839 - 1899: Discovery of basic
phenomena and properties of PV materials 10
1900 - 1949: Theoretical explanation of the photovoltaic effect and first solar
cells 11
1950 - 1969: Intensive space research 11
1970 - 1979: Establishment of large photovoltaic companies 13
1980 - 1989: Large standalone systems installations 14
1990 - 1999: Large photovoltaic companies co-operation 17
2000 - : Renewable energy and the Stock exchange 18
Types of Solar Cells 19
Monocrystalline Silicon Cells 19
Multicrystalline Silicon Cells 19
Thick-film Silicon 19
Amorphous Silicon 19
Other Thin Films 20
Dye-sensitized Solar Cells 20
Organic Solar Cells 21
Quantum Dots 22
Applications of Solar Cells 23
Materials Utilized in Solar Cell
Manufacturing 29
Silicon 29
Mono-crystalline Silicon Production 30
Polycrystalline Silicon Production 31
Economic Trends Affecting Solar PV Market 32
Cost of Investment 33
Role of Feed-in Tariffs 34
Fluctuating Electricity Price 35
Environmental Trends Impacting the
Global Solar PV Market 36
Solar PV Industry Trends 37
Overview 37
Industry Statistics 37
Future of the Industry 41
What to Expect in 2010-2020 43
Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants 45
Industry Trends By Country 68
Australia 68
Canada 71
China 73
European Union 74
EU Initiatives 74
Support for R&D 75
7th Framework Program 75
Market Trends 76
Technological State of the Art and Anticipated Developments 80
Impacts 81
India 85
Japan 87
United Kingdom 89
USA 91
Appendix 93
Glossary 97
About the Publisher 121
List of Figures and Tables
Tables
Table 1: PV System Installation Costs 33
Figures
Figure 1: Solar Cell 8
Figure 2: Dye Sensitized Nanocrystalline
Solar Cell (DYSC) 21
Figure 3: Electricity Prices 35
Figure 4: Cumulative Installed Grid-
Connected and Off-Grid PV Power 37
Figure 5: Global Annual PV Installations 39
Figure 6: Global Revenues through PV Applications 39
Figure 7: Annual CO2 Equivalent Emissions Avoided through PV 41
Figure 7: PV Investment by Decade 42
Figure 8: Achieving Grid Parity for PV 42
Figure 9: PV Technology Status and Prospects 44
Figure 11: PV Roadmap 78
Figure 12: Support Schemes 79
Figure 13: 2020 – Production Cost of Electricity 80
Figure 14: Parabolic Trough 93
Figure 15: Central Receiver or Solar Tower 93
Figure 16: Parabolic Dish 94
Figure 17: Photovoltaic Roof System 94
Figure 18: A Schematic Arrangement of a PV Cell 95
Figure 19: Solar Parabolic Trough System Combined with Fossil Fuel Firing to
Generate Electrical Power 95
Figure 20: Arrangement of a Central Receiver Solar Thermal System 96
Figure 21: A Solar Pond Arrangement 96
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