Toxicology
Abstracts
Every day, in all branches
of toxicology, research uncovers new risks associated
with the chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and by- products of
our age. Toxicology Abstracts is the only comprehensive
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be aware of every new finding. Specifically focused to
meet the needs of toxicologists, Toxicology Abstracts
covers issues from social poisons and substance abuse to
natural toxins, from legislation and recommended
standards to environmental issues. Surveying the
literature for toxicology studies of industrial and
agricultural chemicals, household products,
pharmaceuticals, and myriad other substances, each issue
publishes information concerning the in vivo effects of
toxic substances. Topics of current concern such as the
effects of alcohol and smoking, drug abuse, hydrocarbon
studies, nitrosamines, radiation and radioactive
materials, and much more are extensively examined.
Toxicity testing methodology and analytical procedures
for toxic substances are also covered. Through many
years of delivering crucial information on the tough,
far-reaching issues of toxicology, Toxicology Abstracts
has become the single most widely-used journal in this
field.
Subject Coverage
Dates of Coverage
Update Frequency
Monthly, with
approximately 1,030 new records added
Size
Over 219,352 records as
of February 2007
Print Equivalent
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Sample Record
| TI:
|
Title
Immune Modulation by Cadmium and Lead in the Acute
Reporter Antigen-Popliteal Lymph Node Assay
|
| AU:
|
Author
Carey, John B; Allshire, Ashley; van Pelt, Frank N
|
| AF:
|
Author Affiliation
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics,
University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
|
| SO:
|
Source
Toxicological Sciences [Toxicol. Sci.]. Vol. 91,
no. 1, pp. 113-122. May 2006. |
| IS:
|
ISSN
1096-6080 |
| DE:
|
Descriptors
Metals; Hypersensitivity; Lymphocytes T; Lymph
nodes; Immunoglobulin G; Lead; Adjuvants; Cadmium;
Autoimmunity; Immunotoxicity; Toxins; Mercury;
Lymphocytes B; Immunomodulation; Heavy metals
|
| AB:
|
Abstract
Immune modulation by heavy metals may cause
serious adverse health effects in humans, although
the mechanisms involved are not well understood.
Both cadmium and lead are important environmental
and occupational toxins. Therefore, in the current
study, the costimulatory/adjuvant effects and the
T-cell-activating potential of these metals (i.e.,
CdCl sub(2) and PbCl sub(2)), are examined. These
immune-modulating properties are critical in the
development of conditions such as allergy,
hypersensitivity, and autoimmunity. Using the
direct popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) and
reporter antigen-popliteal lymph node assay
(RA-PLNA) both metals were examined individually
for immunotoxicity. Mercury (i.e., HgCl sub(2))
was included for comparative purposes as its
effects in the RA-PLNA are well documented. Seven
days following a single footpad injection
containing metal and/or RA
(trinitrophenyl-ovalbumin [TNP-OVA] or
TNP-Ficoll), BALB/c mice were sacrificed and the
popliteal lymph nodes (PLNs) removed. PLN
cellularity, TNP-specific antibody-secreting cells
(ASCs), and lymphocyte subsets were assessed. All
three metals strongly stimulated T- and B-cell
proliferation and ASC production following
coinjection with the RA TNP-OVA. In each case, ASC
production was skewed towards the IgG sub(1)
isotype. In addition, all three metals induced IgG
production to TNP-Ficoll (although relatively
weakly in the case of Cd). These results show that
each of these metals can provide adjuvant signals
to promote lymphocyte proliferation and enhance
adaptive immune responses to unrelated antigens.
Skewing of immune responses towards T helper type
2 responses suggests that each of these metals can
enhance allergic and hypersensitivity reactions to
environmental antigens. Furthermore, the induction
of IgG responses to TNP-Ficoll, a
T-cell-independent antigen, indicates that each of
these metals can activate neoantigen-specific T
cells. T-cell activation by metals can lead to
metal hypersensitivity and has been implicated in
the development of autoimmunity. This is the first
report of immune modulation by CdCl sub(2) and
PbCl sub(2) in the RA-PLNA. |
| LA:
|
Language
English |
| SL:
|
Summary Language
English |
| PY:
|
Publication Year
2006 |
| PD:
|
Publication Date
200605 |
| PT:
|
Publication Type
Journal Article |
| PB:
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Publisher
Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great
Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, |
| CL:
|
Classification
X 24222 Analytical procedures |
| UD:
|
Update
200604 |
| SF:
|
Subfile
Toxicology Abstracts |
| AN:
|
Accession Number
6753274 |
| PG:
|
Journal Pages
113-122 |
| JV:
|
Journal Volume
91 |
| JI:
|
Journal Issue
1 |
Field Codes
The following field
codes are found in the records of this database. Here
they are listed in alphabetical order by two-letter
code.
| AB = Abstract
|
IS = ISSN
|
| AF = Author
Affiliation |
LA = Language
|
| AN = Accession
Number |
NT = Notes
|
| AU = Authors
|
NU = Other Numbers
|
| CA = Corporate
Author |
OT = Original
Title |
| CF = Conference
|
PB = Publisher
|
| CL =
Classification Code |
PT = Publication
Type |
| DE = Descriptors
|
PY = Publication
Year |
| ED = Editor
|
SF = Subfile Name
|
| EM = Entry Month
|
SL = Summary
Language |
| ER = Environmental
Regime |
SO = Source
|
| IB = ISBN
|
TI = Title
|
| ID = Identifiers
|
TR = ASFA Input
Center Number |
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