Global Cancer Immunotherapy Market Analysis & Forecast to 2025

Abstract
Within the cancer therapeutics space, which today is worth over $160 billion globally, immunotherapeutic drugs have gained worldwide acceptance. This is because they are targeted therapeutics that have high specificity for cancer cells. Today, cancer immunotherapy drugs have captured nearly 50% of the overall oncology drugs market, generating about $75 billion in 2019 alone and are forecast to surpass $143 billion in 2025. This report describes the evolution of such a huge market in 20 chapters supported by over 180 tables and figures in 450 pages.

An overview of cancer immunotherapy that includes: monoclonal antibodies, ADC’s, cancer vaccines and non-specific cancer immunotherapies and CAR T therapies.
Focus on current trends in cancer immunotherapies that include: anti-PD-1 and anti-PDL1 drugs, Dendritic cell vaccines, T-cell therapies and cancer vaccines.
Insight into the challenges faced by drug developers, particularly about the success vs. failure ratios in developing cancer immunotherapy drugs.
Descriptions of more than 23 cancer immunotherapeutics approved and used as targeted drugs
Insight into the various immunotherapeutics available for specific cancer types.
Description and data for the prevalence of cancer types that are addressed by cancer immunotherapeutics.
Overall global cancer therapeutics market, leading market players and the best selling cancer drugs.
Detailed account of the market for cancer immunotherapeutics by geography, indication, company and individual drugs.
Profiles, marketed products and products in the pipeline of 79 companies that are located globally
Summary table to identify the category of immunotherapy drug offered by the 79 companies.
Specific chapter on the CAR-T industry detailing manufacturing, regulations and pricing
Key Questions Answered in this Report

What is the global market for cancer immunotherapeutics by product class such as MAbs, vaccines and non-specific immunotherapies, through 2025?
What is the global market for cancer immunotherapeutics by geography, through 2025?
What is the global market for cancer immunotherapeutics by indication, through 2025?
What is the global market for MAbs by type such as naked MAbs and ADCs, through 2025?
What are the market values for Herceptin, Avastin, Erbitux, Yervoy, Mabthera, Adectris, and Keytruda?
What is the global market for cancer vaccines?
What is the global market for cytokines in cancer immunotherapy?
The projected market values for Nivolumab, Tecentriq, DCVax-L, Imfinzi?
What immunotherapies have been approved to date?
What monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were approved by the FDA to treat different types of cancers?
What are naked MAbs and how many of them have been approved by the FDA?
What are antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and how many of them are available in the market?
What are the common cytotoxic “wareheads” used in ADCs?
What are the important clinical assets in ADCs?
How many bispecific MAbs are in late-stage development?
What are the common side effects of MAbs in cancer immunotherapy?
What are cancer vaccines and how many of them have been licensed to be marketed?

Content
1. Executive Summary
1.1 Objectives of the Report
1.2 Key Questions Answered in this Report
1.3 Data Sources and Methodology

2. Cancer Immunotherapy: An Overview
2.1 Human Immune System
2.1.1 Components of Human Immune System
2.2 Types of Cancer Immunotherapy
2.3 Monoclonal Antibodies (Mabs) to Treat Cancer
2.3.1 Most Frequently Targeted Antigens by MAbs
2.4 Types of Monoclonal Antibodies (MAbs)
2.4.1 Naked MAbs
2.4.2 Conjugated Monoclonal Antibodies
2.4.2.1 Components of an Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC)
2.4.2.2 Mechanism of Action of Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC)
2.4.2.3 The Cytotoxic Wareheads used in ADCs
2.4.2.4 Successful Cytotoxin Wareheads
2.4.2.5 Developmental Timeline of ADCs
2.4.2.6 Target Antigens for ADCs in Preclinical and Clinical Development
2.4.2.7 Important Clinical Assets in ADCs
2.4.3 Bispecific Monoclonal Antibodies
2.4.3.1 Technology Platforms for the Production of Bispecific MAbs
2.4.4 Safety and Side Effects of MAbs in Cancer Immunotherapy
2.5 Cancer Vaccines
2.5.1 Cancer Vaccines in Development
2.6 Non-Specific Cancer Immunotherapies and Adjuvants
2.6.1 Cytokines
2.6.2 Interferon (IFN)
2.7 New Frontiers in Cancer Immunotherapy Research
2.7.1 Drugs for Targeting Immune Checkpoints
2.7.1.1 Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein-4 (CTLA-4)
2.7.1.2 Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) and Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1)
2.7.1.3 Major Checkpoint Inhibitors in Clinical Development
2.7.2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Therapy
2.7.3 Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
2.8 Cancer Immunotherapy: Timeline of Progress

3. Current Status of Cancer Immunotherapy: An Overview
3.1 Programmed Death (PD-1) Inhibitors
3.1.1 Important Events and Advantages for Nivolumab in Melanoma Indication
3.1.2 Important Events and Advantages for Nivolumab in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
3.1.3 Important Events and Advantages for Nivolumab in Renal Cell Cancer
3.1.4 Nivolumab Studies for Melanoma
3.1.5 Nivolumab Studies for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
3.1.6 Nivolumab Studies for Renal Cell Cancer (RCC)
3.2 MK-3475 (Pembrolizumab)
3.2.1 Important Events and Advantages for MK-3475 in Melanoma
3.2.2 Important Events and Advantages for MK-3475 in NSCLC
3.2.3 Important Events for MK-3475 in RCC
3.3 RG7446 from Roche
3.3.1 Important Events for RG7446 in Melanoma
3.3.2 Important Events and Advantages for RG7446 in NSCLC
3.3.3 Important Event for RG7446 in RCC
3.3.4 RG7446 Studies in NSCLC
3.3.5 RG7446 Studies in RCC
3.3.6 RG7446 Study in RCC
3.4 Pidilizumab from CureTech
3.5 An Overview of Anti-PD-1 Clinical Development
3.5.1 Other Checkpoint Inhibitors in Development
3.6 Studies with Yervoy (Ipilimumab)
3.7 Studies with Tremelimumab
3.8 KAHR-102
3.9 TIM3 Antibody
3.10 BMS-989016
3.11 ImmuTune IMP701 and ImmuFact IMP321
3.12 Dendritic Cell Therapies
3.12.1 Provenge (Sipuleucel-T)
3.12.2 AGS-003 from Argos Therapeutics
3.12.3 DCP-001 from DCPrime
3.12.4 DC-Vax from Northwest Biotherapeutics
3.13 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells (CAR-T) Therapies
3.13.1 CLT109
3.13.2 Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CAR) Program by Juno
3.13.3 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Program by Bluebird Bio
3.13.4 UCART19 from Cellectis
3.13.5 Chimeric Immune Receptor (CIR) T-Cells from Abramson Cancer Center
3.13.6 CD19 eACT CAR-T Therapy from Kite Pharma
3.13.7 Autologous CAR-T Program for Breast Cancer from Adaptimmune
3.14 Cancer Vaccines
3.14.1 HyperAcute
3.14.2 MAGE-A3 Antigen-Specific Cancer Immunotherapeutic
3.14.3 ADXS-HPV
3.14.4 IDO Inhibitors
3.14.5 Indoximod and NLG-919 (INCY)
3.14.6 INCB24360 (INCY)
3.14.7 deCellVax (BMSN)
3.15 Miscellaneous Immunotherapies
3.15.1 Contego (Lion Biotechnologies)
3.15.2 TG4010 (Transgene)
3.16 Most Valuable R&D Projects in Cancer Immunotherapy
3.16.1 Nivolumab (Opdivo)
3.16.2 MK-3475
3.16.3 RG7446
3.16.4 Palbociclib
3.16.5 DCVax-L
3.16.6 MEDI4736

4. Challenges in Cancer Medicine Research: An Overview
4.1 Years of Failures and Emerging Successes in Melanoma Medicine Research
4.1.1 Future Outlook for Melanoma Drugs
4.2 A New Era for Lung Cancer Medicines
4.2.1 Progresses Made in Lung Cancer Medicine Research
4.2.2 Successes and Failures in Lung Cancer Medicine Development
4.2.3 Future Outlook for Lung Cancer Medicines
4.3 Ray of Hope for Brain Cancer Patients
4.3.1 Progress made for Brain Cancer Treatment in Recent Years
4.3.2 Successes and Failures in Brain Cancer Drug Development

5. Cancer Immunotherapeutic Products: An Overview
5.1 I-Labelled Tositumomab (Bexxar)
5.2 Y-Labelled Ibritumomab (Zevalin)
5.3 Alemtuzumab (Campath)
5.4 Adotrastuzumab Emtansine (Kadcyla)
5.5 Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
5.6 Bevacizumab (Avastin)
5.7 Brentuximab Vedotin (Adcetris)
5.8 Cetuximab (Erbitux)
5.9 Cervarix
5.10 Denileukin Diftitox (Ontak)
5.11 Gardasil
5.12 Gemtuzumab (Mylotarg)
5.13 Hepatitis B Vaccine
5.14 Interferon Alfa (IFN-alfa)
5.15 Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
5.16 Ipilimumab (Yervoy)
5.17 Ofatumumab (Arzerra)
5.18 Panitumumab (Vectibix)
5.19 Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
5.20 Rituximab (Mabthera)
5.21 Sargramostim (Leukine)
5.22 Sipuleucel-T (Provenge)
5.23 Trastuzumab (Herceptin)

6. Available Immunotherapies for Cancer by Disease Type: An Overview
6.1 Melanoma Skin Cancer and Immunotherapy
6.1.1 Ipilimumab (Yervoy) for Advanced Melanoma
6.1.2 PD-1 Inhibitors (Keytruda and Opdivo) for Advanced Melanoma
6.1.3 Cytokines for Advanced Melanoma
6.1.4 Interferon Alfa as Adjuvant Therapy for Melanoma
6.1.5 Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Vaccine for Melanoma
6.1.6 Imiquimod (zyclara) Cream for Melanoma
6.2 Breast Cancer and Immunotherapy
6.2.1 Promising Therapeutic Vaccine Product Candidates for Breast Cancer
6.2.2 Promising Checkpoint Inhibiting Product Candidates for Breast Cancer
6.2.3 Promising Adoptive T Cell Therapy Product Candidates for Breast Cancer
6.2.4 Promising Antibody Product Candidates for Breast Cancer
6.3 Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer
6.3.1 Therapeutic Vaccines for Prostate Cancer
6.3.2 Checkpoint Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer
6.3.3 Adoptive Cell Therapy for Prostate Cancer
6.4 Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer
6.4.1 Monoclonal Antibodies for Lung Cancer
6.4.1.1 Promising MAb Product Candidates for Lung Cancer
6.4.1.2 Checkpoint Inhibitors for Lung Cancer
6.4.1.3 Therapeutic Vaccines for Lung Cancer
6.4.1.4 Promising Adoptive T Cell Transfer Product Candidates for Lung Cancer
6.5 Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer
6.5.1 Promising Monoclonal Antibody Product Candidates for Colorectal Cancer
6.5.2 Trials Using Checkpoint Inhibitors and Immune Modulators for Colorectal Cancer
6.5.3 Clinical Trials for Vaccines Indicated for Colorectal Cancer
6.5.4 Adoptive Cell Therapy for Colorectal Cancer
6.5.5 Oncolytic Virus Therapy for Colorectal Cancer
6.5.6 Adjuvant Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer
6.5.7 Cytokines for Colorectal Cancer
6.6 Immunotherapies in Development for Lymphoma
6.6.1 Therapeutic Vaccines in Development for Lymphoma
6.6.2 Checkpoint Inhibitors for Lymphoma
6.6.3 Adoptive T Cell Transfer for Lymphoma
6.6.4 Monoclonal Antibodies for Lymphoma
6.7 Immunotherapy for Kidney Cancer
6.7.1 Checkpoint Inhibitors for Kidney Cancer
6.7.2 Vaccines for Kidney Cancer
6.7.3 Adoptive Cell Therapy for Kidney Cancer
6.8 Dominance of MAbs and Vaccines in Cancer Clinical Research
6.9 Oncology Biologics Losing Patent Protection

7. Cancer Incidence and Mortality: An Overview
7.1 Global Economic Burden of Cancer
7.2 Global Burden of Cancer
7.3 Top Five Most Frequent Cancers, Globally
7.3.1 Global Prevalence of Colorectal, Breast and Lung Cancers
7.3.2 Percentage of Top Three Cancers Diagnosed Globally
7.3.2.1 Mortality due to Lung, Liver and Stomach Cancers
7.3.2.2 Percentage of Death due to Lung, Liver and Stomach Cancers
7.4 Cancer Deaths in Women
7.5 Prevalence and Mortality for Cancer Types Addressed by Immunotherapy
7.5.1 Breast Cancer
7.5.1.1 Worldwide Incidence of Breast Cancer and Mortality Rate by Geography
7.5.1.2 Female Breast Cancer Incidence in the U.S
7.5.1.3 Five Year Breast Cancer Survival Rates by Stage at Diagnosis and Age in the U.S
7.5.1.4 Breast Cancer Incidence in Canada
7.5.1.5 Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Latin America
7.5.1.6 Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Europe
7.5.1.7 Breast Cancer Incidence in Asia/Pacific
7.5.1.8 Breast Cancer Incidence by Country
7.5.2 Gastric Cancer (Stomach Cancer)
7.5.2.1 Incidence of Gastric Cancer in Top 15 Countries
7.5.3 Colorectal Cancer
7.5.3.1 Global Incidence of Colorectal Cancer
7.5.3.2 Worldwide Variations in the Incidence of Colorectal Cancer
7.5.3.3 Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer
7.5.3.4 Colorectal Cancer Screening in the U.S
7.5.3.5 Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rates in the U.S. by State
7.5.3.6 Colorectal Cancer Mortality Rates (per 100,000) in the U.S. by States
7.5.4 Lung Cancer
7.5.4.1 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
7.5.4.2 Global NSCLC Incidence
7.5.4.3 Lung Cancer in the Americas by Gender
7.5.4.4 Tobacco Use and Lung Cancer
7.5.4.5 Current Therapeutic Options for Lung Cancer
7.5.5 Glioblastoma
7.5.5.1 Global Incidence of Glioblastoma
7.5.6 Kidney Cancer
7.5.6.1 Global Incidence of Kidney Cancer
7.5.7 Blood Cancer
7.5.7.1 Leukemia
7.5.7.2 Blood Cancer in the U.S
7.5.8 Cervical Cancer
7.5.8.1 Global Incidence of Cervical Cancer
7.5.9 Prostate Cancer
7.5.9.1 Global Incidence of Prostate Cancer
7.5.9.2 Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality by Geography
7.5.9.3 Prostrate Cancer in the U. S
7.5.10 Melanoma
7.5.10.1 Skin Cancer in the U. S

8. Market Analysis
8.1 Global Oncology Market
8.2 Top Ten Companies in Oncology Drug Sales
8.3 Top Five Oncology Drugs
8.4 Global Oncology Therapeutics Market by Cancer Type

9. Market for Cancer Immunotherapy
9.1 Key Drivers
9.2 Global Market for Cancer Immunotherapeutics
9.3 Global Market for Cancer Immunotherapy by Product Class
9.4 Global Market for Immunotherapy Drugs by Cancer Type
9.5 Global Market for Monoclonal Antibodies for Cancer by Type
9.5.1 Best Selling MAbs
9.5.1.1 Market Forecast for Herceptin
9.5.1.2 Market Value and Forecast for Avastin
9.5.1.3 Global Market for Erbitux
9.5.1.4 Global Market for Yervoy
9.5.1.5 Global Market for Mabthera
9.5.2 Global Market for Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs)
9.5.2.1 Global Market for Adcetris
9.5.2.2 Global Market for Keytruda
9.6 Global Market for Cancer Vaccines
9.6.1 Global Market for Cancer Vaccines by Type
9.7 Global Market for Non-Specific Cancer Immunotherapeutics
9.8 Market Values for Selected Forthcoming Cancer Immunotherapeutics
9.8.1 Market Value for Nivolumab (Opdivo)
9.8.2 Market Value for RG7446
9.8.3 Market Value for DCVax-L
9.8.4 Market Value for MEDI4736
9.8.5 High Cost of MAbs

10. Company Profiles
10.1 Ablynx NV
10.2 Activartis Biotech GmbH
10.2.1 GBM Vax Study
10.3 Advaxis Inc
10.3.1 Advaxis’ Technology
10.3.2 Advaxis’ Product Pipeline
10.3.2.1 ADXS-HPV
10.3.2.2 ADXS-PSA
10.3.2.3 ADXS-cHER2
10.4 Aduro BioTech Inc
10.4.1 Aduro’s Technology
10.4.1.1 CRS-207
10.4.1.2 AUD-623
10.4.1.3 ADU-741
10.4.1.4 ADU-S100
10.5 Agenus Inc
10.5.1 QS-21 Stimulon
10.6 AlphaVax Inc
10.6.1 Alpha Vax’s Technology
10.7 A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite Srl
10.7.1 MEN1112
10.8 Amgen Inc
10.8.1 Vectibix (panitumumab)
10.8.2 Blinatumomab (Blincyto)
10.8.3 Rilotumumab
10.9 Antigen Express Inc
10.9.1 Li-Key Hybrid Vaccines (AE37)
10.10 Argos Therapeutics Inc
10.10.1 AGS-003
10.11 Bavarian Nordic A/S
10.11.1 Prostvac
10.11.2 CV-301
10.11.3 MVA-BN PRP
10.11.4 MVA-BN HER2
10.11.4.1 MVA-BN Brachyury
10.12 Bellicum Pharmaceuticals Inc
10.12.1 BPX-501
10.12.2 BPX-201
10.12.3 BPX-401
10.12.4 BPX-601
10.12.5 BPX-701
10.13 Biogen Idec Inc
10.13.1 Rituxan (Rituximab)
10.13.2 Gazyva (Obinutuzumab)
10.14 Biovest International Inc
10.14.1 BiovaxID
10.15 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
10.15.1 Erbitux (cetuximab)
10.15.2 OPDIVO (nivolumab)
10.15.3 Yervoy (ipilimumab)
10.16 Cellectis
10.17 Cellerant Therapeutics Inc
10.17.1 CLT-008
10.17.2 CLT-009
10.18 Celldex Therapeutics
10.18.1 Rindopepimut
10.18.2 Glembatumumab vedotin (CDX-011)
10.18.3 Varlilumab (CDX-1127)
10.18.4 CDX-1401
10.18.5 CDX-301
10.19 CEL-SCI Corp.
10.19.1 Multikine
10.20 CureTech Ltd.
10.20.1 Pidilizumab (CT-011)
10.21 Delta-Vir GmbH
10.21.1 Treatment
10.22 Dendreon Corp.
10.22.1 Provenge (Sipuleucel-T)
10.23 DenDrit Biotech USA
10.23.1 MelCancerVac
10.24 DNAtrix Inc
10.24.1 DNX-2401
10.25 Eli Lilly and Co.
10.25.1 Erbitux (Cetuximab)
10.26 EMD Serono Inc
10.27 Etubics Corp.
10.28 Galena Biopharma Inc
10.29 Genentech Inc
10.29.1 Avastin (bevacizumab) for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
10.29.1.1 Avastin and Interferon Alfa for Metastatic Kidney Cancer
10.29.1.2 Avastin for Metastatic NLCLC
10.29.2 Gazyva (obinutuzumab) for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
10.29.3 Herceptin (trastuzumab) for Breast Cancer
10.29.3.1 Herceptin and Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer
10.29.4 Kadcyla (ado-trastuzumab emtansine)
10.29.5 Perjeta (pertuzumab)
10.29.6 Rituxan (rituximab)
10.29.7 Genentech’s Cancer Immunotherapy Pipeline Products
10.30 Genmab AS
10.30.1 Ofatumumab
10.31 GlaxoSmithKline
10.31.1 Arzerra (Ofatumumab)
10.31.2 Cervarix
10.32 Gliknik Inc
10.33 GlobeImmune Inc
10.34 Heat Biologics Inc
10.35 Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH
10.36 ImmunoCellular Therapeutics Ltd.
10.37 Immunocore Ltd.
10.37.1 Product Pipeline
10.38 ImmunoFrontier Inc
10.39 ImmunoGen Inc
10.39.1 IMGN853
10.39.2 IMGN529
10.39.3 IMGN289
10.39.4 IMGN779
10.40 Immunomedics Inc
10.41 Immunotope Inc
10.41.1 IMT-1012 Immunotherapeutic Vaccine
10.42 Immunovaccine Inc
10.43 Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc
10.44 Janssen Biotech Inc
10.44.1 Doxil
10.44.2 Procrit
10.44.3 Zytiga
10.44.4 Imbruvicia
10.45 Juno Therapeutics Inc
10.46 Kite Pharma Inc
10.46.1 Kite Pharma’s Technology
10.46.1.1 eACT (engineered Autologous Cell Therapy)
10.46.1.2 DC-Ad GM-CAIX
10.47 MabVax Therapeutics Holdings Inc
10.48 MedImmune LLC
10.49 Merck & Co., Inc
10.49.1 Gardasil (Human Papillomavirus Quadrivalent (Types 6, 11, 16 and 18) Vaccine
10.49.2 Keytruda (Pembrolizumab)
10.50 Merrimack Pharmaceuticals Inc
10.51 Morphotek Inc
10.51.1 Farletuzumab (MORAb-003)
10.51.2 Amatuximab (MORAb-009)
10.51.3 Ontuxizumab (MORAb-004)
10.51.4 MORAb-066
10.52 NewLink Genetics Corp.
10.53 Northwest Biotherapeutics Inc
10.54 NovaRx Corp.
10.55 OncoPep Inc
10.55.1 PVX-410
10.56 Oncothyreon Inc
10.57 OSE Pharma SA
10.58 Oxford BioTherapeutics Ltd.
10.58.1 Technologies
10.58.1.1 OGAP – Cancer Targeting
10.58.1.2 Antibody Development
10.58.1.3 Antibody “arming”
10.58.2 Lead Programs
10.58.2.1 OX001/MEN1112
10.58.2.2 OX002
10.58.2.3 OX003
10.58.2.4 OX004
10.59 Pique Therapeutics
10.60 Polynoma LLC
10.60.1 MAVIS Trial
10.61 Prima BioMed Ltd.
10.62 Progenics Pharmaceuticals Inc
10.62.1 PSMA Targeted Imaging Compound (1404)
10.62.2 PSMA ADC Therapeutic
10.62.3 Small Molecule Therapeutic (1095)
10.62.4 Azedra
10.63 Regen Biopharma Inc
10.63.1 HemaXellerate
10.63.2 dCellVax
10.63.3 Diffron C
10.64 Roche Holdings Inc
10.64.1 Avastin (Bevacizumab)
10.64.2 Gazyva/Gazyvaro (Obinutuzumab; GA101)
10.64.3 Herceptin (Trastuzumab)
10.64.4 Kadcyla (Trastuzumabum emtansinum)
10.64.5 Mabthera (Rituximab)
10.64.6 Perjeta (Pertuzumab)
10.65 Seattle Genetics Inc
10.65.1 Adcetris (Brentuximab vedotin)
10.65.2 Seattle Genetics’ Collaborarator Pipeline
10.66 Sorrento Therapeutics Inc
10.66.1 Sorrento’s Antibody Technologies
10.66.1.1 G-MAB
10.66.1.2 Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs)
10.67 Spectrum Pharmaceuticals Inc
10.67.1 Zevalin
10.68 Synthon Pharmaceuticals Inc
10.69 TapImmune Inc
10.70 ThioLogics Ltd.
10.71 Transgene SA
10.72 TVAX Biomedical Inc
10.72.1 TVI-Brain-1
10.72.2 TVI-Kidney-1
10.73 Vaccinogen Inc
10.74 Viventia Biotechnologies Inc
10.75 Wilex AG
10.76 Ziopharm Oncology Inc