Abstract The scope of the power sector in India includes thermal power, hydro power, nuclear power, geothermal power, and renewable energy sources (RES). RES includes power generated from sources like solar, wind, small hydro, biomass, and urban and industrial waste. India transitioned from being a power-deficit country to one that has surplus. The power generation sector in India has a diverse fuel mix comprising conventional sources such as coal, oil, and gas, along with environmentally sustainable sources such as solar, wind, and small hydro plants. Adani Power Limited, CESC Limited, Damodar Valley Corporation, NHPC Limited, and NTPC Limited are the key market players.
Market insights: The government set electricity generation target of thermal, hydro, nuclear and Bhutan import for the year 2021-22 as 1356 billion unit (BU). i.e., growth of around 9.83% over actual generation of 1234.608 BU for the previous year (2020-21). Also, power generation in the country from the afore–mentioned six sources in 2020–21 was 1234.60 BU as compared to 1250.78 BU in 2019–20. Thermal power (based on fossil fuel) dominated the power sector in the past few years, followed by hydro power, renewable energy sources, and nuclear power. The Indian government’s ambitious energy target sped up the addition of new capacity over the past decade. As of August 2022, India had an installed capacity of 402.82 GW as compared to 392.02 GW of FY 2021.
Segment insights: As of April 2022, India’s installed renewable energy capacity stood at 158.12 GW, representing 39.43% of the overall installed power capacity. Solar energy is estimated to contribute 55.34 GW, followed by 40.53 GW from wind power, 10.68 GW from biomass, 4.85 GW from small hydropower, and 46.72 GW from hydropower. The renewable energy capacity addition stood at 8.2 GW for the first eight months of FY22 against 3.4 GW for the first eight months of FY21.
COVID-19 impact analysis: The pandemic and the resultant lockdown in 2021 imposed by the government hampered the power sector. Several industrial and commercial activities were stopped due to the lockdown, leading to a huge fall in the demand for electricity. During the lockdown, officegoers adopted remote working, increasing residential power demand. Electricity distribution companies also faced financial issues. The lockdown in 2021 also caused disruptions in coal mining, leading to a shortage of raw materials. In 2020, during the first lockdown the Government of India stopped all trade relations with China, therefore solar PV modules and electricity generation equipment are scarce. Consequently, there was a rapid fall in electricity demand during the lockdown.
Content Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Executive summary
Chapter 2: Socio-economic indicators
Chapter 3: Introduction 3.1. Market definition and structure
Chapter 4: Market overview 4.1. Power sector – Generation overview 4.2. Power sector – Demand-supply overview 4.3. Power sector in the country – Installed capacity overview 4.4. Power sector – Demand forecast
Chapter 5: Market segment 5.1. Thermal power 5.1.1. Installed capacity (GW) 5.2. Hydro power 5.2.1. Installed capacity (GW) 5.3. Nuclear power 5.3.1. Installed capacity (GW) 5.4. Renewable power 5.4.1. Installed capacity (GW)
Chapter 6: Impact of COVID-19 6.1. Impact on power grid 6.2. Effect on power generation companies 6.3. Impact on power trading 6.4. Influence on trade 6.5. Changes ahead 6.6. Major Impact Areas 6.7. Delay in implementing government initiatives 6.8. Reduction in coal-based power generation
Chapter 7: Government policies 7.1. Government policies
Chapter 10: Competitive Landscape 10.1. Adani Power Limited –Company information –Business description –Products/services –Key people –Financial snapshot –Key ratios –Key financial performance indicators –Key business segments –Key geographic segments Note: Similar information covered for the other public companies 10.2. CESC Limited 10.3. Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) 10.4. NHPC Limited 10.5. NTPC Limited 10.6. SJVN Limited 10.7. Suzlon Energy Limited 10.8. Tata Power Limited 10.9. Websol Energy System Limited 10.10. Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL)
The scope of the power sector in India includes thermal power, hydro power, nuclear power, geothermal power, and renewable energy sources (RES). RES includes power generated from sources like solar, wind, small hydro, biomass, and urban and industrial waste. India transitioned from being a power-deficit country to one that has surplus. The power generation sector in India has a diverse fuel mix comprising conventional sources such as coal, oil, and gas, along with environmentally sustainable sources such as solar, wind, and small hydro plants. Adani Power Limited, CESC Limited, Damodar Valley Corporation, NHPC Limited, and NTPC Limited are the key market players.
Market insights: The government set electricity generation target of thermal, hydro, nuclear and Bhutan import for the year 2021-22 as 1356 billion unit (BU). i.e., growth of around 9.83% over actual generation of 1234.608 BU for the previous year (2020-21). Also, power generation in the country from the afore–mentioned six sources in 2020–21 was 1234.60 BU as compared to 1250.78 BU in 2019–20. Thermal power (based on fossil fuel) dominated the power sector in the past few years, followed by hydro power, renewable energy sources, and nuclear power. The Indian government’s ambitious energy target sped up the addition of new capacity over the past decade. As of August 2022, India had an installed capacity of 402.82 GW as compared to 392.02 GW of FY 2021.
Segment insights: As of April 2022, India’s installed renewable energy capacity stood at 158.12 GW, representing 39.43% of the overall installed power capacity. Solar energy is estimated to contribute 55.34 GW, followed by 40.53 GW from wind power, 10.68 GW from biomass, 4.85 GW from small hydropower, and 46.72 GW from hydropower. The renewable energy capacity addition stood at 8.2 GW for the first eight months of FY22 against 3.4 GW for the first eight months of FY21.
COVID-19 impact analysis: The pandemic and the resultant lockdown in 2021 imposed by the government hampered the power sector. Several industrial and commercial activities were stopped due to the lockdown, leading to a huge fall in the demand for electricity. During the lockdown, officegoers adopted remote working, increasing residential power demand. Electricity distribution companies also faced financial issues. The lockdown in 2021 also caused disruptions in coal mining, leading to a shortage of raw materials. In 2020, during the first lockdown the Government of India stopped all trade relations with China, therefore solar PV modules and electricity generation equipment are scarce. Consequently, there was a rapid fall in electricity demand during the lockdown.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Executive summary
Chapter 2: Socio-economic indicators
Chapter 3: Introduction 3.1. Market definition and structure
Chapter 4: Market overview 4.1. Power sector – Generation overview 4.2. Power sector – Demand-supply overview 4.3. Power sector in the country – Installed capacity overview 4.4. Power sector – Demand forecast
Chapter 5: Market segment 5.1. Thermal power 5.1.1. Installed capacity (GW) 5.2. Hydro power 5.2.1. Installed capacity (GW) 5.3. Nuclear power 5.3.1. Installed capacity (GW) 5.4. Renewable power 5.4.1. Installed capacity (GW)
Chapter 6: Impact of COVID-19 6.1. Impact on power grid 6.2. Effect on power generation companies 6.3. Impact on power trading 6.4. Influence on trade 6.5. Changes ahead 6.6. Major Impact Areas 6.7. Delay in implementing government initiatives 6.8. Reduction in coal-based power generation
Chapter 7: Government policies 7.1. Government policies
Chapter 10: Competitive Landscape 10.1. Adani Power Limited –Company information –Business description –Products/services –Key people –Financial snapshot –Key ratios –Key financial performance indicators –Key business segments –Key geographic segments Note: Similar information covered for the other public companies 10.2. CESC Limited 10.3. Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) 10.4. NHPC Limited 10.5. NTPC Limited 10.6. SJVN Limited 10.7. Suzlon Energy Limited 10.8. Tata Power Limited 10.9. Websol Energy System Limited 10.10. Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL)