Global Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Research Report 2023
February 1, 2023
Introspective Market Research
300
PDF
Global Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Research Report 2023
Abstract Global Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Overview: Global Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Report 2022 comes with the extensive industry analysis by Introspective Market Research with development components, patterns, flows and sizes. The report also calculates present and past market values to forecast potential market management through the forecast period between 2022-2028.This research study of Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters involved the extensive usage of both primary and secondary data sources. This includes the study of various parameters affecting the industry, including the government policy, market environment, competitive landscape, historical data, present trends in the market, technological innovation, upcoming technologies and the technical progress in related industry.
Scope of the Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market The Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Research report incorporate value chain analysis for each of the product type. Value chain analysis offers in depth information about value addition at each stage.The study includes drivers and restraints for Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market along with their impact on demand during the forecast period. The study also provides key market indicators affecting thegrowth of the market. Research report includes major key player analysis with shares of each player inside market, growth rate and market attractiveness in different endusers/regions. Our study Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market helps user to make precise decision in order to expand their market presence and increase market share.
Impact of COVID-19 on Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Report covers Impact of Coronavirus COVID-19: Since the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost every country around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency. The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters market in 2020. The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor/outdoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.
Global Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Segmentation Global Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Research report comprises of Porter's five forces analysis to do the detail study about its each segmentation like Product segmentation, End user/application segment analysis and Major key players analysis mentioned as below;
By Type, Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters market has been segmented into: Permanent IVC Filters Retrievable IVC Filters
By Application, Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters market has been segmented into: Treatment VTE Prevent PE Other
Regional Analysis: North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico) Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Rest of Europe) Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Rest of APAC) South America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of SA) Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Iran, UAE, Africa, Rest of MEA)
Competitive Landscape: Competitive analysis is the study of strength and weakness, market investment, market share, market sales volume, market trends of major players in the market.The Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters market study focused on including all the primary level, secondary level and tertiary level competitors in the report. The data generated by conducting the primary and secondary research.The report covers detail analysis of driver, constraints and scope for new players entering the Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters market.
Top Key Players Covered in Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters market are:
Bard Cordis Cook Medical Boston Scientific B. Braun Lifetech Scientific Volcano (Philips) ALN Braile BIOMEDICA Argon
Objective to buy this Report: 1. Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters analysis predicts the representation of this market, supply and demand, capacity, detailed investigations, etc. 2. Even the report, along with the international series, conducts an in-depth study of rules, policies and current policy. 3. In addition, additional factors are mentioned: imports, arrangement of commodity prices for the market, supply and demand of industry products, major manufacturers. 4. The report starts with Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters market statistics and moves to important points, with dependent markets categorized by market trend by application. 5. Applications of market may also be assessed based on their performances. 6. Other market attributes, such as future aspects, limitations and growth for all departments.
Content Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Research Objectives 1.2 Research Methodology 1.3 Research Process 1.4 Scope and Coverage 1.4.1 Market Definition 1.4.2 Key Questions Answered 1.5 Market Segmentation
Chapter 2:Executive Summary
Chapter 3:Growth Opportunities By Segment 3.1 By Type 3.2 By Application
Chapter 4: Market Landscape 4.1 Porter's Five Forces Analysis 4.1.1 Bargaining Power of Supplier 4.1.2 Threat of New Entrants 4.1.3 Threat of Substitutes 4.1.4 Competitive Rivalry 4.1.5 Bargaining Power Among Buyers 4.2 Industry Value Chain Analysis 4.3 Market Dynamics 4.3.1 Drivers 4.3.2 Restraints 4.3.3 Opportunities 4.5.4 Challenges 4.4 Pestle Analysis 4.5 Technological Roadmap 4.6 Regulatory Landscape 4.7 SWOT Analysis 4.8 Price Trend Analysis 4.9 Patent Analysis 4.10 Analysis of the Impact of Covid-19 4.10.1 Impact on the Overall Market 4.10.2 Impact on the Supply Chain 4.10.3 Impact on the Key Manufacturers 4.10.4 Impact on the Pricing
Chapter 5: Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market by Type 5.1 Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Overview Snapshot and Growth Engine 5.2 Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Overview 5.3 Permanent IVC Filters 5.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview 5.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 5.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 5.3.4 Permanent IVC Filters: Geographic Segmentation 5.4 Retrievable IVC Filters 5.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview 5.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 5.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 5.4.4 Retrievable IVC Filters: Geographic Segmentation
Chapter 6: Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market by Application 6.1 Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Overview Snapshot and Growth Engine 6.2 Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Overview 6.3 Treatment VTE 6.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview 6.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 6.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 6.3.4 Treatment VTE: Geographic Segmentation 6.4 Prevent PE 6.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview 6.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 6.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 6.4.4 Prevent PE: Geographic Segmentation 6.5 Other 6.5.1 Introduction and Market Overview 6.5.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 6.5.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 6.5.4 Other: Geographic Segmentation
Chapter 7: Company Profiles and Competitive Analysis 7.1 Competitive Landscape 7.1.1 Competitive Positioning 7.1.2 Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Sales and Market Share By Players 7.1.3 Industry BCG Matrix 7.1.4 Heat Map Analysis 7.1.5 Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Industry Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) 7.1.6 Top 5 Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Players Market Share 7.1.7 Mergers and Acquisitions 7.1.8 Business Strategies By Top Players 7.2 BARD 7.2.1 Company Overview 7.2.2 Key Executives 7.2.3 Company Snapshot 7.2.4 Operating Business Segments 7.2.5 Product Portfolio 7.2.6 Business Performance 7.2.7 Key Strategic Moves and Recent Developments 7.2.8 SWOT Analysis 7.3 CORDIS 7.4 COOK MEDICAL 7.5 BOSTON SCIENTIFIC 7.6 B. BRAUN 7.7 LIFETECH SCIENTIFIC 7.8 VOLCANO (PHILIPS) 7.9 ALN 7.10 BRAILE BIOMEDICA 7.11 ARGON
Chapter 8: Global Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 8.1 Market Overview 8.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 8.2.1 Permanent IVC Filters 8.2.2 Retrievable IVC Filters 8.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 8.3.1 Treatment VTE 8.3.2 Prevent PE 8.3.3 Other
Chapter 9: North America Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 9.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 9.2 Impact of Covid-19 9.3 Key Players 9.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 9.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 9.4.1 Permanent IVC Filters 9.4.2 Retrievable IVC Filters 9.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 9.5.1 Treatment VTE 9.5.2 Prevent PE 9.5.3 Other 9.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country 9.6.1 U.S. 9.6.2 Canada 9.6.3 Mexico
Chapter 10: Europe Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 10.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 10.2 Impact of Covid-19 10.3 Key Players 10.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 10.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 10.4.1 Permanent IVC Filters 10.4.2 Retrievable IVC Filters 10.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 10.5.1 Treatment VTE 10.5.2 Prevent PE 10.5.3 Other 10.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country 10.6.1 Germany 10.6.2 U.K. 10.6.3 France 10.6.4 Italy 10.6.5 Russia 10.6.6 Spain 10.6.7 Rest of Europe
Chapter 11: Asia-Pacific Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 11.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 11.2 Impact of Covid-19 11.3 Key Players 11.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 11.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 11.4.1 Permanent IVC Filters 11.4.2 Retrievable IVC Filters 11.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 11.5.1 Treatment VTE 11.5.2 Prevent PE 11.5.3 Other 11.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country 11.6.1 China 11.6.2 India 11.6.3 Japan 11.6.4 Singapore 11.6.5 Australia 11.6.6 New Zealand 11.6.7 Rest of APAC
Chapter 12: Middle East & Africa Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 12.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 12.2 Impact of Covid-19 12.3 Key Players 12.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 12.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 12.4.1 Permanent IVC Filters 12.4.2 Retrievable IVC Filters 12.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 12.5.1 Treatment VTE 12.5.2 Prevent PE 12.5.3 Other 12.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country 12.6.1 Turkey 12.6.2 Saudi Arabia 12.6.3 Iran 12.6.4 UAE 12.6.5 Africa 12.6.6 Rest of MEA
Chapter 13: South America Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 13.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 13.2 Impact of Covid-19 13.3 Key Players 13.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 13.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 13.4.1 Permanent IVC Filters 13.4.2 Retrievable IVC Filters 13.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 13.5.1 Treatment VTE 13.5.2 Prevent PE 13.5.3 Other 13.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country 13.6.1 Brazil 13.6.2 Argentina 13.6.3 Rest of SA
Global Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Overview: Global Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Report 2022 comes with the extensive industry analysis by Introspective Market Research with development components, patterns, flows and sizes. The report also calculates present and past market values to forecast potential market management through the forecast period between 2022-2028.This research study of Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters involved the extensive usage of both primary and secondary data sources. This includes the study of various parameters affecting the industry, including the government policy, market environment, competitive landscape, historical data, present trends in the market, technological innovation, upcoming technologies and the technical progress in related industry.
Scope of the Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market The Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Research report incorporate value chain analysis for each of the product type. Value chain analysis offers in depth information about value addition at each stage.The study includes drivers and restraints for Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market along with their impact on demand during the forecast period. The study also provides key market indicators affecting thegrowth of the market. Research report includes major key player analysis with shares of each player inside market, growth rate and market attractiveness in different endusers/regions. Our study Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market helps user to make precise decision in order to expand their market presence and increase market share.
Impact of COVID-19 on Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Report covers Impact of Coronavirus COVID-19: Since the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost every country around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency. The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters market in 2020. The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor/outdoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.
Global Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Segmentation Global Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Research report comprises of Porter's five forces analysis to do the detail study about its each segmentation like Product segmentation, End user/application segment analysis and Major key players analysis mentioned as below;
By Type, Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters market has been segmented into: Permanent IVC Filters Retrievable IVC Filters
By Application, Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters market has been segmented into: Treatment VTE Prevent PE Other
Regional Analysis: North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico) Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Rest of Europe) Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Rest of APAC) South America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of SA) Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Iran, UAE, Africa, Rest of MEA)
Competitive Landscape: Competitive analysis is the study of strength and weakness, market investment, market share, market sales volume, market trends of major players in the market.The Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters market study focused on including all the primary level, secondary level and tertiary level competitors in the report. The data generated by conducting the primary and secondary research.The report covers detail analysis of driver, constraints and scope for new players entering the Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters market.
Top Key Players Covered in Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters market are:
Bard Cordis Cook Medical Boston Scientific B. Braun Lifetech Scientific Volcano (Philips) ALN Braile BIOMEDICA Argon
Objective to buy this Report: 1. Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters analysis predicts the representation of this market, supply and demand, capacity, detailed investigations, etc. 2. Even the report, along with the international series, conducts an in-depth study of rules, policies and current policy. 3. In addition, additional factors are mentioned: imports, arrangement of commodity prices for the market, supply and demand of industry products, major manufacturers. 4. The report starts with Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters market statistics and moves to important points, with dependent markets categorized by market trend by application. 5. Applications of market may also be assessed based on their performances. 6. Other market attributes, such as future aspects, limitations and growth for all departments.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Research Objectives 1.2 Research Methodology 1.3 Research Process 1.4 Scope and Coverage 1.4.1 Market Definition 1.4.2 Key Questions Answered 1.5 Market Segmentation
Chapter 2:Executive Summary
Chapter 3:Growth Opportunities By Segment 3.1 By Type 3.2 By Application
Chapter 4: Market Landscape 4.1 Porter's Five Forces Analysis 4.1.1 Bargaining Power of Supplier 4.1.2 Threat of New Entrants 4.1.3 Threat of Substitutes 4.1.4 Competitive Rivalry 4.1.5 Bargaining Power Among Buyers 4.2 Industry Value Chain Analysis 4.3 Market Dynamics 4.3.1 Drivers 4.3.2 Restraints 4.3.3 Opportunities 4.5.4 Challenges 4.4 Pestle Analysis 4.5 Technological Roadmap 4.6 Regulatory Landscape 4.7 SWOT Analysis 4.8 Price Trend Analysis 4.9 Patent Analysis 4.10 Analysis of the Impact of Covid-19 4.10.1 Impact on the Overall Market 4.10.2 Impact on the Supply Chain 4.10.3 Impact on the Key Manufacturers 4.10.4 Impact on the Pricing
Chapter 5: Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market by Type 5.1 Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Overview Snapshot and Growth Engine 5.2 Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Overview 5.3 Permanent IVC Filters 5.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview 5.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 5.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 5.3.4 Permanent IVC Filters: Geographic Segmentation 5.4 Retrievable IVC Filters 5.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview 5.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 5.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 5.4.4 Retrievable IVC Filters: Geographic Segmentation
Chapter 6: Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market by Application 6.1 Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Overview Snapshot and Growth Engine 6.2 Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Overview 6.3 Treatment VTE 6.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview 6.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 6.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 6.3.4 Treatment VTE: Geographic Segmentation 6.4 Prevent PE 6.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview 6.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 6.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 6.4.4 Prevent PE: Geographic Segmentation 6.5 Other 6.5.1 Introduction and Market Overview 6.5.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 6.5.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 6.5.4 Other: Geographic Segmentation
Chapter 7: Company Profiles and Competitive Analysis 7.1 Competitive Landscape 7.1.1 Competitive Positioning 7.1.2 Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Sales and Market Share By Players 7.1.3 Industry BCG Matrix 7.1.4 Heat Map Analysis 7.1.5 Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Industry Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) 7.1.6 Top 5 Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Players Market Share 7.1.7 Mergers and Acquisitions 7.1.8 Business Strategies By Top Players 7.2 BARD 7.2.1 Company Overview 7.2.2 Key Executives 7.2.3 Company Snapshot 7.2.4 Operating Business Segments 7.2.5 Product Portfolio 7.2.6 Business Performance 7.2.7 Key Strategic Moves and Recent Developments 7.2.8 SWOT Analysis 7.3 CORDIS 7.4 COOK MEDICAL 7.5 BOSTON SCIENTIFIC 7.6 B. BRAUN 7.7 LIFETECH SCIENTIFIC 7.8 VOLCANO (PHILIPS) 7.9 ALN 7.10 BRAILE BIOMEDICA 7.11 ARGON
Chapter 8: Global Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 8.1 Market Overview 8.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 8.2.1 Permanent IVC Filters 8.2.2 Retrievable IVC Filters 8.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 8.3.1 Treatment VTE 8.3.2 Prevent PE 8.3.3 Other
Chapter 9: North America Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 9.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 9.2 Impact of Covid-19 9.3 Key Players 9.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 9.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 9.4.1 Permanent IVC Filters 9.4.2 Retrievable IVC Filters 9.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 9.5.1 Treatment VTE 9.5.2 Prevent PE 9.5.3 Other 9.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country 9.6.1 U.S. 9.6.2 Canada 9.6.3 Mexico
Chapter 10: Europe Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 10.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 10.2 Impact of Covid-19 10.3 Key Players 10.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 10.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 10.4.1 Permanent IVC Filters 10.4.2 Retrievable IVC Filters 10.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 10.5.1 Treatment VTE 10.5.2 Prevent PE 10.5.3 Other 10.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country 10.6.1 Germany 10.6.2 U.K. 10.6.3 France 10.6.4 Italy 10.6.5 Russia 10.6.6 Spain 10.6.7 Rest of Europe
Chapter 11: Asia-Pacific Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 11.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 11.2 Impact of Covid-19 11.3 Key Players 11.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 11.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 11.4.1 Permanent IVC Filters 11.4.2 Retrievable IVC Filters 11.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 11.5.1 Treatment VTE 11.5.2 Prevent PE 11.5.3 Other 11.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country 11.6.1 China 11.6.2 India 11.6.3 Japan 11.6.4 Singapore 11.6.5 Australia 11.6.6 New Zealand 11.6.7 Rest of APAC
Chapter 12: Middle East & Africa Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 12.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 12.2 Impact of Covid-19 12.3 Key Players 12.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 12.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 12.4.1 Permanent IVC Filters 12.4.2 Retrievable IVC Filters 12.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 12.5.1 Treatment VTE 12.5.2 Prevent PE 12.5.3 Other 12.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country 12.6.1 Turkey 12.6.2 Saudi Arabia 12.6.3 Iran 12.6.4 UAE 12.6.5 Africa 12.6.6 Rest of MEA
Chapter 13: South America Inferior Vena Cava IVC Filters Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 13.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 13.2 Impact of Covid-19 13.3 Key Players 13.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 13.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 13.4.1 Permanent IVC Filters 13.4.2 Retrievable IVC Filters 13.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 13.5.1 Treatment VTE 13.5.2 Prevent PE 13.5.3 Other 13.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country 13.6.1 Brazil 13.6.2 Argentina 13.6.3 Rest of SA